The Life and Accomplishments of Thomas Paine Essay

The Life and Accomplishments of Thomas Paine Thomas Paine came as a English man who didnt have much of anything, not many friends, not much money, but with the help of others wishing to keep him alive and give him a chance at a new life. Thomas Paine grew from a sick, unshaven, almost penniless, dirty man to a clean shaven man who helped band thousands of Englishmen together to fight for Independence. Thomas Paine was born in England on January 29, 1737. Paine travelled to American 1774, He landed, then went to Pennsylvania. When he landed he started teaching two children with the recommendation of Benjamin Franklin. After he got a job as a journalist and essayist and helped a Scotsman named Robert Aitkin start†¦show more content†¦One night soon after, Paine was drunk with Sam Adams and Michael Clowsky, the expatriate pole and he mentioned that he thinks they need a new world, or independence. At first the Pole laughed at him, but Adams liked the idea. Aitkin still tried to get Paine back because many people liked his articles and his poems hed have in the paper. Paine still stood his ground and said no, Aitkin also didnt want Paine to hold a grudge, but Paine said he doesnt hold a grudge against anyone but himself. One of Paines friends was Thomas Jefferson. Paine looked forward to sharing a pot of coffee with him, dinner or just sitting in front of a fire. Jefferson drew from Paine as much of him as he could and then put the confused memories and assembled it all with meaning. One time Jefferson was giving a small dinner and asked Paine to come. At first Paine refused because he valued his friendship with Jefferson and didnt want to make a fool out of himself in front of Virginians. Jefferson finally persuaded Paine to go. Paine was amazed at the dinner. Washington knew of Paine and quickly shook hands with him. Washington often read the Pennsylvania Magazine while Paine didnt expect him to of read anything. Paine grew a friendship with Washington and wasnt surprised when Washington was made commander in chief of group of Yankees who were like hungry wolves around Boston. After meeting a family called the Rumpels,Show MoreRelatedPrimary Source Analysis Common Sense Essays796 Words   |  4 Pages Primary Source Analysis Thomas Paine Common Sense Context: In result of The Seven Years’ War Britain controlled American trade and territory. In order to pay for the expenses of the war several taxation acts and military presence were implemented such as the Sugar Act, Stamp Act, Currency Act, Quartering Act and the presence of British troops at the colonies. Consequently, Americans who thought these actions violated their political and constitutional liberties opposed these policies withRead More46 Pages Essay examples870 Words   |  4 PagesPages: Thomas Paine, Common Sense, and the Turning Point to Independence, ISBN 9780762418138. 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Study Of Attitudinal Differences Of Malaysian Customers - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4570 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Demography Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? This research emphasizes attitudinal difference of Malaysian customers about Islamic banking services. The banking service providers can gain excellent benefit from Islamic banking practices upon identification of these differences. A structured questionnaire was constructed to collect the necessary data to answer the research questions as being framed on related affective factors of attitudinal differences of consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in Malaysia. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Study Of Attitudinal Differences Of Malaysian Customers" essay for you Create order In this research we have employed independent sample à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"tà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ test and ANOVA to test the hypotheses. Results showed that Malaysian consumers have positive attitude toward Islamic banking. Results of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"tà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ test showed significant attitudinal differences between males and females. In addition, the results of ANOVA showed significant attitudinal difference existed only between Malay and Chinese and between Chinese and Indian, while the overall attitudes of all three races were positive toward Islamic banking. One potential limitation of this study was the size and composition of the group which participated in the study. Therefore, a generalization about the entire population of Malaysian banking customers of banking sector is inappropriate. In addition, this research could not incorporate all levels of diverse attributes of Islamic banking that might influence customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ behavior. The results of this study can faci litate the Islamic banking service providers to introduce new, innovative service offerings based on attitudinal differences and of course, in accordance with Islamic rules and regulation. Introduction Attitude is an important aspect to understand or predict the behaviors of customers in some situation (Sethi, 2002). General attitudes are relatively good predictors of general behavioral likelihoods (Eagly and Chaiken, 1993). Furthermore, customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude toward a product or service is influenced by a match of the product or service user image with the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s self-concept (Ekinci and Riley, 2003; Sirgy et al., 1992; Wang and Heitmeyer, 2005). Results of the present study may help the Islamic banking service providers to find out the potential customers for expanding their services. So, it seems fundamental to understand the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ thinking or attitudinal behavior on how they perceive about the Islamic banking. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Islamic banking has become a substantial and fastest growing industry during the last four decades. It has followed the Islamic transactions rules and principles (Shariaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢h) t o carry out their businessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Henry and Wilson, 2004; Iqbal and Mirakhor, 2007; Dusuki and Abdullah, 2007). In accordance with Shariaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢h principles, any payment or receipt of interest is strictly prohibited. Although, the Islamic bank also offered more or less similar products and services which are similar to those offered by a conventional bank, such as, current accounts, credit cards, investments in securities, cheque collection, etc. (Naser et al., 1999). There are now over 300 Islamic banks and financial institutions worldwide and the estimated assets of between US$200 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" US$300 billion (Henry and Wilson, 2004; Ibrahim, 2006; Pollard and Samers, 2007). Furthermore, according to Pollard and Samers (2007) almost 25 percent of Islamic financial institutions now operate in countries that do not have Muslim majorities and interest-based banks have opened up à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Islamic windowsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to attract the growing number of Musli ms living in Europe and North America. Nonetheless, Wilson (1995) states: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Islamic banking is no longer regarded as a business entity striving only to fulfill the religious obligations of the Muslim community, but more significantly, as a business that is ineluctably in need for winning over customers at the same time as retaining the old onesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Wilson, 1995; Dusuki and Abdullah, 2007). Hinting the rapid proliferation of Islamic Banking services, Bley and Kuehn, (2005) writes, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Islamic financial services sector is growing at double digit ratesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. One of the emerging, fastest growing, and progressive Muslim nations, Malaysia has already gained significant global attraction of investment opportunities. Financial and capital markets have strong foothold in Malaysia which in turn, attracted investors to expand local and global banking facilities and the operation of the subsidiaries of multinational companies. In these positive turn of economic transformations, it is vital for the Islamic Banking service providers to know the psychological and/or behavioral attitudes of the potential Muslim, as well as, non-Muslim customers toward Islamic banking services that are currently available. Yet, knowledge about customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudinal differences towards Islamic banking is very scant and research to date is also limited. In this study an affirmative stance was taken to focus on these key issues that were perceived to be worth taking in the course of transforming Islamic banking services conducive to the development of customer satisfaction, better business relations, real growth, and future developments. Islamic Banking: Malaysian Scenario Malaysia is well placed in the heart of South East Asia and also a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Excellent business opportunities exist in most of the sectors in Malaysia, not only for geographical advantage, but also for dynamic political leaderships and stability, congenial atmosphere for foreign investments, cross-cultural diversity, and many other feasible factors. The economy of Malaysia is one of the most progressive and fastest growing in South East Asian regions. Her transformation, from a mining and agriculture-driven economy in the 1970s to manufacturing in the 1990s, enabled the nation to magnetize foreign investment and increase its export capabilities substantially. The robust external environment was supported by equally strong domestic commercial activities as private consumption went up consistent with incomes and private investment that eventually enhanced productive capacity to meet ever-growing demand. As a positive consequence of the expansion in local and external demand, opportunities for employment also strengthened. Moreover, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a distinctive and important feature of the Malaysian economy is its high degree of flexibility, which is important to mitigate the impact of external shocks and to sustain Malaysiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth performance for more than three decadesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Bank Negara, 2006). It is worth mentioning here that political stability also significantly energized and inspired the nation to adopt a sophisticated strategy, which had been defined in the Seventh Malaysia Plan to make the transformation of the nation into a fully developed country by 2020. Such noteworthy development plan and subsequently, systematic implementation procedures boosted Malaysian economy and financial markets, which, in turn, inspired them to establish an Islamic banking system that operates in parallel with the conventional banking. Bank Islam Malaysia Pte (BIMB) was the first Islam ic bank (Rosly and Abu Bakar, 2003) and it was established in 1983 (Banking Info, 2008). Although, Islamic banking in Malaysia can be traced from 1963 when Tabung Haji (The Pilgrimsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Management and Fund Board) was established by the government (Haque et al., 2007a). It provides a systematic fund mobilization process for the Muslims enabling them to perform annual pilgrimage in Makkah, as well as, persuading them to take part in economic activities and investment opportunities. According to the sustained filed experience of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Tabung Hajià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Malaysian government introduced a synchronized, methodical, and efficient process of materializing Islamic financial system. Haque et al., (2007a) state, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“At first they took the initiative to familiarize the process by establishing BIMB and listed on the main board of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange (KLSE) on January 17th 1992, Bank Islam has developed itself as one of the most respectable financial institutions in the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Gradually Islamic bank has played an important role for the overall Malaysian financial market (Dusuki and Abdullah, 2007). According to Aziz (2006) Islamic banking industry has been growing at an average rate of 18 percent per annum since 2000 in terms of assets. Aziz (2006) also added that Islamic bank constitutes 8.2 percent of the total banking system in terms of assets, with approximately 70 percent of the assets being generated by the conventional banks. At present 27 banking institutions (Nine Islamic bank and 18 conventional banking institutions) are offering Islamic banking products and services under the Islamic Banking Scheme (IBS) (Bank Negara, 2006). Mainstream and IBS banks are governed by the banking and Financial Institution Act in Malaysia (Rosly and Abu Bakar, 2003). The Malaysian Central Bank also provides certain guidelines to operate IBS banks such that they can run along Shariah principles with simila r privileges to BIMB and Bank Muamalat (Rosly and Abu Bakar, 2003). Malaysian government provide permission to commercial banks, merchant banks and finance companies to offer Islamic banking products and services under the IBS from 1993 (Banking Info, 2008). Furthermore it is necessary to ensure that the funds and activities of the Islamic banking transactions are separated from the conventional banking business. Malaysian Government also pushed Islamic finance into the bond market, which now commands more than 30 percent of market share (Rosly and Abu Bakar, 2003). Moreover, according to them al-murabahah and ijara wa iqtina (credit sale in financing) have become the common trend in Islamic banking operations in Malaysia and at present it constitute near about 90 percent of Islamic banking asset (Rosly and Abu Bakar, 2003). Literature Review Customer attitude toward a product or service is influenced by a match of the product or service user image with the customer self-concept (Ekinci and Riley, 2003; Sirgy et al., 1992; Wang and Heitmeyer, 2005). Since, generally attitude develops over time through a learning process which is affected by reference group influences, past experience, and personality (Assael, 1981), or it is a general evaluation about something, liking or disliking, and the strength of the feelings. Demographic Characteristics and Consumer Attitudes Since, consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ make product or service choice based on which combination of product attributes best meets their needs based on dimensions of value, cost, and prior satisfaction (Kotler, 1997). Furthermore, Assael (1981) added that consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attitude or behavior should be studied through demographics, beliefs, and attitudes. It has been widely recognized that demographic factors have a great impact on consumer attitudes and behavior (Jayawardhena and Foley, 2000; Mattila, 2001; Karjaluoto et al., 2002). Moreover, both attitude and non-attitudinal variables also influence behavior (Eagly and Chaiken, 1993). Gender is a key variable for marketing analysis (Nicovich et al., 2005; Haque et al., 2007b). So, it is important for the Islamic banking service providers to recognize them, understand them, and use them to design a gender specific strategy. Since, understanding the motivation, expectations, and desires of both provide a foundation in how to provide best service to the customers (Haque et al., 2007a). It may even provide information on making improvements in the nature of business (Naylor and Greco, 2002). Gender in this study is operational zed as a binary construct and is termed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“genderà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? which is opposed to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“sexà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? since gender is considered as a both biological and sociological process (Haque et al., 2007b). Indeed, what remains is to propose and test relevant hypotheses examining perception about Islamic banking in terms of gender beliefs, attitudes, and behavior pattern. Additionally, attitudes based on direct experience are more stable and enduring than ones based on indirect experience (Fazio and Zanna, 1981; Rani and Velayudhan, 2008).On the other hand, race and ethnicity is also important for the question of effects. Since, the democratic anthropological sense describes a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“whole way of lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, which is ordinary in every society and in every mind (Haq and Smithson, 2002). According to consumer behavior literature reference group often impacts on consumer behavior (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975; Kotler et al., 1999). Since, banking sector is extremely personal in the sense as it is independent from other peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s example or influence (Karjaluoto et al., 2002). Furthermore, past experience of a person about an object is, the more positive attitude he or she hold about it (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). Services Attributes and Consumer Attitudes Some studies, such as, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“product related attributesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“situational factorsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Emmelhainz et al., 1991); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“retail competitionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shopping patternsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Verbeke et al., 1998); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“consumer, situational and perceived store characteristicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Zinn and Liu, 2001); à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“product, consumer and situational characteristicsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Campo et al., 2000) explained why consumers responded in the way they did. Fitzsimons (2000) approached differently by measuring consumer responses in terms of both behavioral and evaluative (consumer satisfaction with decision process) responses (Rani and Velayudhan, 2008). Religious Beliefs and Consumer Attitudes à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Religion is a key element to describe a cluster of beliefs. It is more than ecology of themes for social communication rather it is a specific way of communicating. It is not just cultural arbitrariness, but it is also systematic. Religion does not just lie in its capacity for differentiation (of people), it is also lies in its ability to structure and lend meaning to the everyday, to the local world of interactionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Haq and Smithson, 2003). Prior research also showed that reference group often impacts on consumer behavior (Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975; Kotler et al., 1999; Karjaluoto et al., 2002). At the same time, Islamic banking came into existence to satisfy the financial needs of Muslims who have to observe the prohibition of interest-based transactions (Haq and Smithson, 2003). According to Warde (2000) there is sufficient flexibility to accommodate the additional changes in conventional banking that is needed to support Islamic banking. This removes a long standing argument that Islamic banking is infeasible in a regulatory sense (Warde, 2000). Moreover, all at once Western attitude are also changing, as it can be seen in the recent growth of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ethicalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ banking, where non-Islamic customers refuse to invest in companies engaged in unethical and socially harmful activities (Warde, 2000).Currently we are witnessing a wide religious reinterpretation, spurred on by changes at national and global levels (Haynes, 1999; Haq and Smithson, 2003). The political, social and cultural values embedded within the development goals of projects shape the development and use of technology (Madon, 2000). One concern of Muslims using IT is that they are passive consumers of a technology created elsewhere, which is not value-free. ITà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s close connection and integration with Western culture is sometimes viewed as a threat to Muslim societies (Ahmad, 2001). A related issue concerns the increasingly common s ituation where the culture of the software development environment differs to that of the implementation environment (Zakaria et al., 2003). Theoretical Framework Based on the literature review; this research concentrates on conceptual framework of Attitudinal Differences of Malaysian Customers under Islamic Banking in Malaysia. This framework emphasizes those variables like Demographic differences; Services Attributes and Religious Believes these independent variables are positively related to the consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes toward Islamic banks. The detailed diagram framework is given below: Figure 1.1: Theoretical framework of this study Demographic Differences Services attributes by Attitude Toward Islamic Religious Influence Methodology A structured questionnaire was constructed to collect the necessary data to answer the research questions as being framed on related affective factors of attitudinal differences of consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in Malaysia. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“This is a rigorous process of generating items to tap the variables and assessing their representativeness from the literatureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Deng and Dart, 1994). The survey questionnaire consists of two parts. First part of the questionnaire deals with demographic information of the respondents which include sex, age, education, income level, and race. Respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ beliefs and attitudes toward the Islamic banking were asked in the second part of the questionnaire. A stratified random sampling method was used in this study to collect the data from the respondents. The idea of such a sampling procedure was based on Sekaranà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (2003) interpretation as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“this sampling method is the most efficient when differentiated information is needed regarding various strata within the populationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Sekaran, 2003). Data were collected from the Peninsular Malaysia. The survey was conducted primarily through face-to-face interview. A sample size of 550 was found to be adequate for this study. Even though the proportion of sample size is very small in relation to actual population, the sample size is deemed sufficient for the study. Since, Roscoe (1975) proposed a rule of thumb for determining sample size that: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“if the sample size is larger than 30 and less than 500, it is therefore appropriate for most researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? (Roscoe, 1975), we view our sample size seems to be consistent with this argument. The survey was conducted on the basis of distinct time frames and on different days of the week and the duration of the questionnaire distribution and data collection was carried out during December 2007 to May 2008. In this study, participants (respondents) were selected among only those, who indicated they were concerned about Islamic banking. Out of the 550 respondents 500 questionnaires were received, although the process was not as smooth as we required reminding the respondents who showed delays in completing the questionnaire. Completed questionnaires were later screened for errors, incomplete or missing responses. However, those responses that had more than 25% of the questions in the survey questionnaire left unanswered or incorrectly answered were abandoned as invalid and excluded from the process of data analysis. After the final screening process, 473 responses were effectively considered complete and valid for data analysis. This represents a success rate of 86%, which can be considered to be good in view of time and cost constraints. Results and Discussion The results of this study have been clearly explained in this section. We used SPPS software to obtain the test results. Descriptive analysis and frequency analysis were conducted to measure Malaysian consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudinal differences in their perceptions about the Islamic Banking services and to create and represent the respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ demographic profiles. The demographics profile of the respondents of this current study was consistent with the demographics of other banking studies: the sample predominantly comprises young, male and female adults who were well-educated and of high socioeconomic status. The result indicates that the respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ demographics are quite similar to those of other studies of banking services. According to our sample 54.76 and 45.24 percent respondents were male and female respectively (Table 1). 61.54 percent of the respondents were between 21 to 35 years of age, 26.61 percent were between 35 to 40 y ears, and 11.85 percent respondents were above 40 years old. From the descriptive result, demographic profile shows that the most dominant group was between 21 and 40 year in terms of age distribution. Table 1: Respondents Demographic Profile Descriptions Frequency Percentage Cumulative (%) Gender: Male Female 259 214 54.76 45.24 54.76 100.0 Age: 21-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 Above 40 43 101 147 126 56 09.09 21.36 31.09 26.61 11.85 09.09 30.45 61.54 88.15 100.0 Race: Malay Chinese Indian 173 153 147 36.58 32.35 31.07 36.58 68.93 100.0 Education: STPM Diploma Graduate Post Graduate 17 189 173 94 03.59 39.96 36.57 19.88 03.59 43.55 80.12 100.0 Occupation: Student Lecturer IT Professional Businessmen Govt. Employee Others 89 52 46 132 116 38 18.82 10.99 09.72 27.91 24.53 08.03 18.82 29.81 39.53 67.44 91.97 100.0 Monthly Income: Less than 1000 1000-2000 2000-3000 3000-4000 Above 4000 34 27 139 178 95 07.19 05.71 29.39 37.63 20.08 07.19 12.90 42.29 79.92 100.0 Heard about Islamic Banking Yes No 473 0 100.0 0 100.0 0 Have Account in Islamic Bank Yes No 227 246 47.99 52.01 47.99 100.0 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Raceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ had been another important demographic factor for this study. There were three major races (Malay, Chinese, and Indian) in Malaysia. According to our sample of 473 respondents, 36.58 percent respondents were Malay, 32.35 percent Chinese, and 31.07 percent represented Indian race (Table 1). A large number (37.63 percent) of the respondents informed in their responses that their monthly income stood between 3000-4000 RM; followed by 29.39 percent respondents, who showed their monthly income as between 2000-3000 RM. Where as, 20.08 percent respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ monthly incomes were found to be above 4000 RM. On the other hand, 7.19 percent respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ monthly income was less than 1000 RM and 5.71 percent respondentsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ monthly income were between 1000- 2000 RM. With regard to education, highest numbers (39.96 percent) of our respondents co mpleted diploma. 36.57 percent respondents completed graduation and 19.88 percent respondents completed post graduate studies. Table 2 below represents that only 3.59 percent respondents informed that they completed STPM (Sijil Tinggi Persekolahan Malaysia in English, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Malaysian Higher School Certificateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?). The respondents in our sample consisted of 18.82 percent students, 10.99 percent lecturers; 9.72 percent IT professionals; 27.91 percent businessmen; 24.53 percent Government employees, while 8.03 percent respondents belonged to other occupations. Most surprisingly we found out that 100 percent of our respondents viewed that they heard about Islamic banking, while out of them, 47.99 percent respondents had maintained accounts with Islamic banks when data was collected (Table 1). This picture postulates a fact that almost half of our sampled population kept customer relationships with Islamic Banks, which indicates an emerging financial sector. Table 2: Independent Sample à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"tà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ test Descriptions Male Female Mean Std. Deviation Mean Std. Deviation t Sig Modern looking equipment Visually appealing physical facilities Follow Islamic law and principles Transactions are secured Able to fulfill personal needs Easy to access to account information Integrated value-added services using Staff treat customers friendly Religious and profitability reasons Provision of profit-sharing investment product 1.54 1.32 1.63 2.01 1.48 1.51 2.14 1.77 1.63 2.07 1.29 1.41 1.24 1.37 1.15 1.43 1.36 1.56 1.34 1.39 2.33 2.16 2.12 1.38 1.47 1.07 2.31 2.24 1.49 1.59 1.42 1.29 1.62 1.19 1.13 0.71 1.02 1.57 1.14 1.09 2.21* -4.81* 5.67* 3.28* 2.73* -5.68* 6.39* -2.67* -1.26 2.79 .003* .018* .001* .032* .023* .008* .000* .041* .003* .619 * denotes significance at P 0.05 We included ten meaningful statements to have responses for measuring consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ at titudes toward Islamic banking which were taken from Othman and Owen (2001). The independent sample t- test was conducted to measure the attitudinal difference between males and females on Islamic banking services. The results revealed (Table 2) the fact that there were clear attitudinal differences between male and female on nine among ten of the attitudinal measurement statements, such as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“modern looking equipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“visually appealing physical facilitiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“follow Islamic law and principlesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“secured transactionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fulfill personal needsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“easy to access to account informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Integrated value-added services usingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“friendly staffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“religious profitability reasonsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. Results of this study reflect that both males and females were agreed th at they had positive attitude toward Islamic banking. But on the topic of one statement (provision of profit-sharing investment product) there was no significant mean difference between males and females. However, in general, it can be concluded from this study that males demonstrated a more favorable attitude toward Islamic banking as compared with female. Male respondents agreed that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Islamic banks use modern looking equipmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? to reach the consumers and also ensured creativity for offering different types of schemes. Moreover, while hinting Islamic Banking services as compared with other conventional banks, male respondents unanimously agreed that it is easy to access the account information; it is enjoyable, informative and useful for purchasing as well. Although the femalesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes were not thoroughly disagreeable with these nine statements, there were significantly mean difference between male and female on the statements. Ta ble 3: ANOVA Test Descriptions Malay Chinese Indian F Sig Mean Std. Deviation Mean Std. Deviation Mean Std. Deviation Modern looking equipment Visually appealing physical facilities Follow Islamic law and principles Transactions are secured Able to fulfill personal needs Easy to access to account information Integrated value-added services using Staff treat customers friendly Religious and profitability reasons Provision of profit-sharing investment product 2.03 2.61 2.98 3.57 3.12 2.82 2.68 3.43 3.36 2.89 1.37 1.16 1.19 1.41 1.58 1.64 1.37 1.53 1.61 1.57 2.12 2.82 3.43 3.87 2.67 2.39 2.46 2.74 2.65 2.33 1.07 1.49 1.64 1.52 1.59 1.17 1.32 1.46 1.28 1.16 2.07 2.43 2.63 2.61 2.38 2.22 2.19 3.15 2.23 1.96 1.29 1.32 1.48 1.26 1.34 1.20 1.41 1.26 1.09 1.08 2.91* 3.33* 2.39* 1.65 4.41* 5.66* 2.64* 3.87* 2.36* 2.03* .021 .027 .032 .092 .012 .027 .037 .018 .018 .010 *denotes significance at p 0.05 On the other hand, the same ten statements were used in this study for measuring the attitudinal difference about Islamic banking among the three races in Malaysia. All three races agreed that transactions were secured in Islamic banking. Although, this was the positive attitude towards Islamic banking by all the three races, but there were some significant differences among them for the rest of the nine statements for measuring attitude toward Islamic banking (Table 3). Dunnett T3 test also employed for this study. Results showed that the differences exist only between Malay and Chinese and between Chinese and Indian. It can be observed from the Table 5 that most of the Malay respondents agreed that Islamic banking availed modern looking equipment. According to these respondents, Islamic banks offered secured transactions, fulfilled personal needs, provided easyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"to-access account information, used integrated v alue-added services, their staff treated their customers as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“friendlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, and they had provision of profit sharing. Religious reason also played an important role behind their attitude towards Islamic banking for the Malay people. On the other hand, most of the Chinese respondents agreed that Islamic banks had been using integrated value added services. Besides that, these respondents also agreed that it was easy for them to access to their account information, staffs treated their customers as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“friendlyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, and also they had the provision of profit sharing. This study suggests that Islamic banking possesses a sound capability to attract customers by offering integrated value added services, they seem to be very useful for obtaining account information, and also, they use modern looking equipment. Results of this study also reflect that there was little difference concerning the usefulness of Islamic banking as compared among these three races. Nonetheless, this study finds the fact that there is a great deal of racial diversity within the Malaysian culture having similarities and differences in their perceived understanding on the operations of Islamic Banking (Table 4). Table 4: Dunnett T3 Test for Measuring Differences Descriptions Mean Difference Mean Difference Mean Difference Malay Chinese Sig. Malay Indian Sig. Chinese Indian Sig. Modern looking equipment Visually appealing physical facilities Follow Islamic law and principles Transactions are secured Able to fulfill personal needs Easy to access to account information Integrated value-added services using Staff treat customers friendly Religious and profitability reasons Provision of profit-sharing investment product .39* .41 -.12 -.42* -.49* -.38* .43* -.37* .40* .37* .012 .158 .891 .019 .012 .021 .026 .027 .031 .016 .14 .08 -.06 -.28 -.05 -.14 .18 -.31 .19 .12 .614 .897 .978 .238 .916 .895 .784 .272 .766 .798 -.21 -.31 .05 .19 .41* .42* -.27 .19 -.32 -.41 .139 .158 .915 .616 .009 .011 .181 .761 .056 .061 *denotes significance at p 0.05 Such diversity demands attention by bankers and researchers in order for the creation of value- based services that can best su it with the needs of the entire population regardless of their racial diversity. Therefore, differences in cultural values among the three races are important to understand them. Chinese mostly have positive attitude towards Islamic banking. Perhaps the Chinese are very conscious of the different type of schemes and services offered by the both conventional and Islamic banks. On the other hand, the Malays are concerned about the religious and profitability reasons. Despite these differences between the Malays and Chinese, the mean values of responses indicate that all those three races accepted the schemes and services offered by the Islamic banks. Malaysian culture is the one of the unique cosmopolitans as it is composed of Malays, Chinese and Indians culture. Moreover, racial unity and interactions formed a diverse and vibrant society based on sharing mutual respects. This is perhaps an example of a unique society. This has been the main catalyst for Malaysias political stabili ty and growth. On the other hand, Indians have also made enormous contributions to the resilient and prosperous socio-political and economic structure in Malaysia. The Chinese like to enjoy the urban lifestyle and they have high ambitions, which make them dynamic force in Malaysias economy. The Indian community represents an integral and vital component of Malaysian society and thus they, along with all other Malaysians are justly proud of their accomplishments and their contributions to Malaysias success (Info Center Malaysia, 2007). Conclusion This study effectively delineates empirical evidence on the attitudinal differences of Malaysian customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ toward Islamic banking services. As the competition among the banking service providers rose rapidly, concerns on customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudinal behaviors in the banking markets virtually became the focus of academic and field researches. The results of this study were encouraging in numerous perspectives. In this study, gender is a measurable variable and the findings provide straight forward application in the decision-making process of Islamic Banking services. Findings further indicate that males seem to exhibit greater positive attitude toward Islamic banking, relative to female. This is one of the first efforts to show how the Malays, Chinese and Indians differ in terms of attitudes toward Islamic bank. This study has laid down the foundation for future research to be directed toward examining these attitudes in greater details about banking service providers. Therefore, given these findings, it is desired that this research impart a fundamental step toward establishing a theoretical plus empirical basis for understanding the interaction of gender and banking sector. It is also necessary that the government and, as well as, the Islamic banking authorities will take action plans directed toward spreading the culture of Islamic banking via specialized courses and organized seminars as in the case of traditional banking. This would catalyze the power of the financial structure besides incrementing the fullest capacity of the Islamic banking system and boosting its future growth and development. Limitations One potential limitation of this study was the size and composition of the group which participated in the study. Therefore, a generalization about the entire population of Malaysian banking customers of banking sector is inappropriate. In addition, this research could not incorporate all levels of diverse attributes of Islamic banking that might influence customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ behavior. For example, the questionnaire that was used in this study did not include specific scheme of Islamic banking to know the customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ opinion on that scheme. Finally, this study only considered what the specific segments of the customers were thinking about the Islamic banking in a particular country. In this study, it was assumed that respondents appropriately understood the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Islamic bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and could differentiate it from the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“conventional bankingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. With such limitations, findings of this study must not be us ed as generalized thoughts, rather a scope for further investigations toward expanded research.

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Elvis Presley Biography Essay Example For Students

Elvis Presley Biography Essay Elvis Aaron Presley was born into a poverty stricken family on January 8, 1935. He and his twin brother (Jessie Garon who died at birth) were the sons of Vernon Elvis Presley and Gladys Love Smith Presley. Gladys Smith gave birth in two-room house built by her husband and her brother in -law. His way of life was rough in Tupelo, Mississippi where he was born. He was born during the Great Depression. Elvis and his parents attended the Assembly of God Church; the music and preaching registered very deeply in Elvis. In 1945, ten year old Elvis stands on a chair at a microphone and sings Old Sheep in a contest at the Mississippi Alabama Fair and Dairy Show, which was held in Tupelo. Elvis wins second prize, which was $5. 00 and free admissions to all rides at the fair. In 1946, Elviss parents couldnt afford the bicycle that Elvis wanted, so Gladys talked him into accepting a guitar instead. The guitar cost $12. 95 and was purchased at the Tupelo Hardware Company. He and his family moved to Memphis, Tennessee in 1948 to pursue a better life. They lived in low income housing. He buys his clothes on the famous, Beadle Street, and he absorbs the gospel and blues that he hears there. Elvis graduated from Hughes High School in 1953. He recorded an album for his mother as a present at Sun Records in 1954. In late 1955 his recording contract was sold to RCA Records. The songs that he recorded was My Happiness and Thats When Your Heartaches Begin. Sam Phillips, finally calls him in to record Big Boy Crudups Thats All Right and song was backed by Blue Moon of Kentucky. By 1956, he was an international sensation. With a sound and style that uniquely combined his diverse musical influences and challenged the social and racial barriers of the time, he began a whole new style of music. He was highly criticized for his music that had African American roots and his swiveling hip movements. Elvis was a total original! August 15, 1955, Elvis signs a management contract with Hank Snow Attractions, which was equally owned by Snow and Colonel Tom Parker. Colonel Tom Parker will be Elvis manager from this time to the time of his death. Snow, soon is no longer connected to Elvis. On November 20, 1955 Elvis signed his first contract with RCA Records, which will be his label to the time of his death. Colonel Parker negotiated the sale of Elviss contract to RCA, which included Elviss first five singles with SUN and unreleased material of SUN. The final price was a whopping $40,000 with $5,000 bonus. No artist at that time was paid that much. September 9, 1956 Elvis Presley Day was proclaimed in Tupelo, Mississippi. December 31, 1956, the front page of the Wall Street Journal reported that Elvis merchandise had grossed $22 million in sales. 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March 24, 1958 Elvis was inducted into the United States Army at the Memphis D raft Board and was assigned the serial number 53310761. .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 , .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 .postImageUrl , .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 , .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952:hover , .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952:visited , .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952:active { border:0!important; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952:active , .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952 .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u74209e0c84297c87f0aaddef454d0952:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Same Sex Marriages EssayIn August of 1958, Gladys Presley dies of acute hepatitis. She was laid to rest at Forest Hill Cemetery, a few miles down the road from Graceland, but later her body was moved back to Graceland after Elvis death. He was stationed in West Germany. That is where he met Priscilla Ann Beaulieu. March 1960, he was discharged from the army. After he was discharged, he missed Priscilla. He asked Priscilla to move in with him at his legendary home, Graceland in the year of 1963. They married on May 1, 1967 in Las Vegas, Nevada. They spent their honeymoon in Palm Springs, California. On their honeymoon Priscilla got pregnant with their only child, Lisa Marie Presley. Lisa was born on Feb. 1, 1968. The busy schedule of concert tours left very little time for his family. Priscilla filed for divorce and which went though on October 9, 1973. Elvis and Priscilla made a court appearance. Priscilla was awarded custody of Lisa Marie, there is no formal visitation, but Elvis and his daughter would spend time together regularly. He loved spending time at Graceland with family and friends having backyard barbecues and riding horses. He also enjoyed the times with his daughter, Lisa Marie, at Graceland has well. He loved driving his pink Cadillacs and riding his Harley Davidson motorcycles. After years away from the stage, he final appears on television singing on December 3, 1968 on NBC TV. This special would be known as the Comeback Special. It was the biggest television hits of the year. Elvis took his crown back as The King of Rock and Roll. You have to remember Elvis comeback during the time of Vietnam War and hippie movement, and Elvis had all things that were not popular. Elvis was against the hippie movement and the Vietnam War. He liked President Richard M. Nixon. During July 31 August 28, 1969, Elvis was booked for a four-week engagement at the International Hotel in Las Vegas, which was just built, has the largest showroom in the city. The engagement did break all existing Las Vegas attendance records and gets rave review from the public. Elvis opens up what is called his Vegas period. January 1973, Elvis makes television and entertainment industry history with his Elvis: Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite Special . It was the concert by a performer to be broadcast around the world by satellite. Elvis performed for free to help benefit for the Kui Lee Cancer Fund. Elvis was not know for his charitable events, but Elvis helped local organizations and pay off peoples bill silently. The concert was seen by 1/4 of the worlds population. It was saw by more American households has than mans first walk on the moon. Never has one performer held the worlds attention in such awe. It was definitely one of the greatest moments in his career. He starred in 33 successful films, made history with his television appearances and specials, and knew great acclaim though his many, often breaking, live concert performances on tour and in Las Vegas. Globally, he has sold over one billion records, platinum or multi-platinum awards for 111 different albums and singles, far more than any other artist of group. Among his awards were the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, which he received at the age of 36, from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, and his being named One of the Ten Most Outstanding Young Men of the Nation for 1970 by the United States Jaycees. This award is giving to people who are bound for the Presidency of the United States of America. Without any special privileges, he honorably served his country in the United States Army. Millions loved his talent and good looks, sensuality, charisma, and good humor. Known the thoughout the world by his first name, he is regarded as one of the most important cultural figures of the twentieth century. Elvis Aaron Presley (The King of Rock and Roll died in his legendary home, Graceland, in Memphis, Tennessee on August 16, 1977 of cardiac arrest. Elvis Presleys death sadden the world for years to come. .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 , .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 .postImageUrl , .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 , .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8:hover , .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8:visited , .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8:active { border:0!important; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8:active , .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8 .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3deb1f1e9acd3e7729bcdb3ec669c4c8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Value of Physical Education to the Ancient Gre EssayElvis also influenced many generations of entertainers and musicians. Elvis Aaron Presley is one the biggest cultural figures of the twentieth century. With passion and integrity, he has reached the world like no else has. With talent and charisma, his heart and soul embraced it all. His music was diverse: country, gospel, rock, pop, soul, rhythm and blues. He obtains all these assets. He was the true King of Rock and Roll. Elvis sang it all, said by his former wife, Priscilla Presley on the Elvis: The Tribute (Its now or never), an ABC special.